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INTRODUCTION: Peripheral arterial disease is a marker of vascular damage that is diagnosed by measuring the ankle-brachial index. The aim of this study was to determine the validity and agreement of the MESI ABPI-MD and Microlife WatchBP® office-ABI oscillometric devices with respect to the gold standard arterial Doppler. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study of inpatients who underwent ABI measurement with the three devices. Values are considered normal between 1-1.4, indeterminate between 0.91-0.99 and pathological ≤0.9 and >1.4. RESULTS: A total of 187 patients (54.4% male) with a mean age of 66 years were included. The Doppler results were inferior to those of the oscillometric devices (median [IQR] 1.1 [0.2] vs. 1.2 [0.2], P<.05), with no significant differences between the automated devices (P=.29 for the right lower limb and P=.342 for the left lower limb). Both devices had high specificity (96.5-99.2%) and low sensitivity (29.5-45.4%). The correlation of the results was good-moderate for MESI and moderate for Microlife. The agreement between the two was acceptable-moderate. CONCLUSION: Automated oscillometric devices could be useful in asymptomatic patients as an alternative to arterial Doppler.
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INTRODUCTION: Rotational ankle fractures are common, have diverse personalities and affect both robust and fragile patients. Postoperative complications are frequent, creating a sizeable economic burden. The primary purpose of this study was to expand current knowledge on predictors of postoperative complications after low-energy ankle fracture fixation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective single-center cohort study was completed of patients undergoing internal fixation OF low-energy ankle fractures. The primary outcome was first-year postoperative complications, classified as major (surgical) or minor (non-surgical). Data on patients, their injuries, and treatments were collected. To identify potential predictors of outcomes, logistic regression methods were used, with a backward-stepwise method used for model fitting. RESULTS: In total, 663 patients of median age 59 years were analysed. We found a high rate of complications (28.4%), with wound-healing issues and infections predominant. Overall, 14.8% had minor complications, while 13.6% required an unplanned reoperation. On multivariable analysis, the most consistent predictors of complications were older age (OR: 1.02 per year), longer operating time (3.32 per hour), and smoking (2.91). CONCLUSIONS: Older patients and smokers who sustain fractures requiring more complex surgery are at higher risk of postoperative complications.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: The assessment of biomechanical changes related to the lower limbs is necessary in clinical practice to measure the potential risks of injury and the influences on existing dysfunction. Biomechanical changes related to previous ankle injuries are known to influence the performance of the entire lower limb. Objective: The aim of this study was to correlate muscle strength tests, performance tests and ankle stability with the Single Hop Test (SHT). Methods: 82 amateur runners were evaluated with isokinetic tests of quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength, as well as Y Balance Test (YBT), Weight-bearing Lung Test (WBLT), and the SHT. Results: The results showed there was a significant correlation between the SHT and the YBT in subjects with hamstring/quadriceps ratio (I/Q ratio) <0.55, and the length of the unilateral SHT with the peak torque of ipsilateral knee extensors. Conclusion: The study was successful in correlating the functional tests in question with the results obtained in isokinetic dynamometry. Level of Evidence V; Cross-Sectional Study.
RESUMEN Introducción: La evaluación de los cambios biomecánicos relacionados con las extremidades inferiores es necesaria en la práctica clínica para medir los riesgos potenciales de lesión y las influencias sobre la disfunción existente. Se sabe que los cambios biomecánicos relacionados con lesiones previas de tobillo influyen en el rendimiento de toda la extremidad inferior. Objetivo: Correlacionar las pruebas de fuerza muscular, las pruebas de rendimiento y la estabilidad del tobillo con la prueba de salto simple (Single Hop Test, SHT). Métodos: Se evaluó a 82 corredores aficionados con pruebas isocinéticas de fuerza muscular de cuádriceps e isquiotibiales, además de pruebas como Y Balance Test (YBT), Weight-bearing Lung Test (WBLT) y la prueba SHT. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que existía una correlación significativa entre el SHT y el YBT en sujetos con ratio isquiotibiales/cuádriceps (ratio I/Q) <0,55, y la longitud del SHT unilateral con el par máximo de los extensores de la rodilla ipsilateral. Conclusión: El estudio logró correlacionar las pruebas funcionales en cuestión con los resultados obtenidos en la dinamometría isocinética. Nivel de Evidencia V; Estudio Transversal.
RESUMO Introdução: A avaliação de alterações biomecânicas relacionadas aos membros inferiores é necessária na prática clínica para mensurar os riscos potenciais de alguma lesão e as influencias sobre uma disfunção existente. As alterações biomecânicas relacionadas a lesões prévias de tornozelo são conhecidas pela influência na performance de todo o membro inferior. Objetivo: Correlacionar testes de força muscular, testes de performance e estabilidade do tornozelo com o teste de salto simples (Single Hop Test - SHT). Métodos: Foram avaliados 82 corredores amadores com testes isocinéticos de força muscular de quadríceps e isquiotibiais, além de testes Y Balance Test (YBT), Weight-bearing Lung Test (WBLT), e o SHT. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram haver correlação significativa entre o SHT e o YBT nos indivíduos com relação Isquiotibiais/Quadríceps (relação I/Q) <0,55, e o comprimento do SHT unilateral com o pico de torque de extensores de joelho ipsilateral. Conclusão: O estudo foi bem sucedido em correlacionar os testes funcionais em questão com os resultados obtidos na dinamometria isocinética. Nível de Evidência V; Estudo Transversal.
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La deformidad en equino del tobillo ocurre como consecuencia de múltiples entidades. Aunque la primera línea de tratamiento es la conservadora, las modalidades quirúrgicas son necesarias en la mayoría de los enfermos pediátricos. Estas últimas son las más empleadas por zonas del complejo músculo-tendinoso, en especial los alargamientos fraccionados y en forma de Z-plastia. El objetivo de este trabajo es actualizar y brindar información sobre los distintos procedimientos quirúrgicos en la corrección de la deformidad en equino del tobillo. En la búsqueda y análisis de la información se emplearon las siguientes palabras: equinus deformity, equino varus, equino valgus; drop foot deformity y Achilles tendon Z-lengthening. A partir de la información obtenida, se realizó unala revisión bibliográfica de un total de 187 artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, Hinari, SciELO, EBSCO, Scopus, Medscape y Medline, mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote. De ellos se utilizaron 30, 28 de los últimos cinco años. Se hace referencia a la anatomía esencial de la zona, al igual que a la prueba de Silfverskiöld. Con relación a la imagenología, se describe la técnica para calcular la distancia del tendón a alargar. Se mencionan las técnicas quirúrgicas de alargamiento fraccionado, por Z-plastia, trasposición anterior del tendón de Aquiles y la hemiepifisiodesis.
Equinus deformity of the ankle occurs as a consequence of multiple entities. Although the first line of treatment is conservative, surgical modalities are necessary in most pediatric patients. The latter are the most used for areas of the muscle-tendinous complex, especially fractional and Z-plasty-shaped lengthening. The aim of this work is to update and provide information on the different surgical procedures in the correction of equinus deformity of the ankle. In the search and analysis of the information, the following words were used: equinus deformity, equinovarus, equinovalgus; drop foot deformity and Achilles tendon Z-lengthening. Based on the information obtained, a bibliographic review of a total of 187 articles published in PubMed, Hinari, SciELO, EBSCO, Scopus, Medscape and Medline databases was carried out using the search manager and reference administrator EndNote. Of these, 30 were used, 28 of the last five years. Reference is made to the essential anatomy of the area, as well as to the Silfverskiöld test. In relation to imaging, the technique to calculate the distance of the tendon to be lengthened is described. Fractional lengthening surgical techniques are mentioned, by Z-plasty, anterior transposition of the Achilles tendon and hemiepiphysiodesis.
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INTRODUCTION: Rotational ankle fractures are common, have diverse personalities and affect both robust and fragile patients. Postoperative complications are frequent, creating a sizeable economic burden. The primary purpose of this study was to expand current knowledge on predictors of postoperative complications after low-energy ankle fracture fixation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective single-center cohort study was completed of patients undergoing internal fixation OF low-energy ankle fractures. The primary outcome was first-year postoperative complications, classified as major (surgical) or minor (non-surgical). Data on patients, their injuries, and treatments were collected. To identify potential predictors of outcomes, logistic regression methods were used, with a backward-stepwise method used for model fitting. RESULTS: In total, 663 patients of median age 59 years were analyzed. We found a high rate of complications (28.4%), with wound-healing issues and infections predominant. Overall, 14.8% had minor complications, while 13.6% required an unplanned reoperation. On multivariable analysis, the most consistent predictors of complications were older age (OR=1.02 per year), longer operating time (3.32 per hour), and smoking (2.91). CONCLUSIONS: Older patients and smokers who sustain fractures requiring more complex surgery are at higher risk of postoperative complications.
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Introducción/Presentación del caso: Se reporta un caso particular de luxación expuesta de tobillo sin fractura maleolar asociada luego de un accidente vehicular (traumatismo de alta energía), junto con el desbridamiento inicial, la reducción y el uso de un fijador externo. Durante la evaluación se encontró una deficiencia de cobertura de tejidos blandos, que originalmente se abordó con terapia de presión negativa antes de recibir el autoinjerto de piel. Creemos que es vital compartir nuestra experiencia, evolución positiva tras un año de seguimiento, con mejoría en la EVA y la puntuación de la FAOS, y proporcionar posibles opciones de tratamiento en la literatura debido a la rareza de este tipo de luxación expuesta sin fractura. Conclusiones: Las principales conclusiones son la pronta administración de antibióticos intravenosos, el desbridamiento y la reducción, la técnica de estabilización externa, el cuidado suficiente de los tejidos blandos y la pronta cobertura de los defectos de la piel. (provisto por Infomedic International)
Introduction/Case Presentation: A particular case of an exposed ankle dislocation without associated malleolar fracture after a vehicular accident, a high energy trauma, is reported. Along with the initial debridement, reduction, and use of an external fixator. A coverage deficiency was found, which was originally addressed with negative pressure therapy before receiving skin graft. We think it´s vital to share our experience, positive progress after a year of follow-up, with improvement in the VAS and FAOS score, and to provide potential treatment options in the literature due to the rarity of this type of exposed dislocation without fracture. Conclusions: The main takeaways are the prompt administration of intravenous antibiotics, debridement and reduction, external stabilizing technique, sufficient soft tissue care, and prompt coverage of skin defects. No capsular or ligament repair was decided in the operating room. (provided by Infomedic International)
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SUMMARY: The evaluation of the invertor and evertor muscle strength and proprioception are important in terms of determining the risk of injury in handball players. The aim of this study was to determine the isokinetic strength and proprioception profile of the ankle invertor and evertor muscles of elite female handball players. Fifteen elite female handball players were included. Ankle invertor and evertor muscle strength and proprioception were evaluated using the isokinetic system. The isokinetic strength test was performed in concentric mode at 30°/s (5 repetitions) and 120°/s (10 repetitions). Proprioception sense was evaluated as active joint position sense. There was no statistically significant difference between the dominant and nondominant sides in terms of invertor and evertor muscle strength, evertor/invertor (Ever/Inver) ratio, and active joint position sense at both angular speeds (p>0.05). The Ever/Inver ratio on both sides was lower than normal values. It was concluded that the female handball players showed bilateral symmetry in the invertor and evertor muscles. However, the fact that the Ever/Inver strength ratio was lower than normal values on both sides suggested that caution should be exercised in terms of risks such as ankle sprain or chronic ankle instability. Pre-season evaluations should be made and it would be beneficial to add strengthening exercises to related muscle groups in training programs to normalize the unilateral ratios in these athletes.
La evaluación de la fuerza muscular inversora y eversora y la propiocepción son importantes para determinar el riesgo de lesión en los jugadores de balonmano. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la fuerza isocinética y el perfil de propiocepción de los músculos inversores y eversores del tobillo de jugadoras de balonmano de élite. Se incluyeron 15 jugadoras de élite de balonmano. La fuerza muscular inversora y eversora del tobillo y la propiocepción se evaluaron mediante el sistema isocinético. El test de fuerza isocinética se realizó en modo concéntrico a 30º/s (5 repeticiones) y 120º/s (10 repeticiones). El sentido de propiocepción se evaluó como sentido activo de posición articular. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los lados dominante y no dominante en términos de fuerza muscular inversora y eversora, relación eversor/inversor (Ever/ Inver) y sentido activo de la posición de la articulación en ambas velocidades angulares (p>0.05). La relación Ever/Inver en ambos lados fue inferior a los valores normales. Se concluyó que las jugadoras de balonmano presentaron simetría bilateral en los músculos inversores y eversores. Sin embargo, el hecho de que la relación de fuerza Ever/Inver fuera inferior a los valores normales en ambos lados sugirió que se debe tener precaución en términos de riesgos como el esguince de tobillo o la inestabilidad crónica de tobillo. Se deben realizar evaluaciones de pretemporada y sería beneficioso agregar ejercicios de fortalecimiento a los grupos musculares relacionados en los programas de entrenamiento para normalizar las proporciones unilaterales en estas atletas.
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Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Propiocepción , Deportes , Fuerza Muscular , Tobillo/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Introducción: El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la evidencia científica de los tratamientos centrados en el equilibrio en pacientes con inestabilidadcrónica de tobillo. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica mediante una búsqueda sistematizada en febrero de 2022 en las siguientes bases de datos:PubMed, Scopus, PEDro, Web of Science, y Medline. Resultados: Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados en los últimos 5 años, obteniendo un total de 16 artículos para el análisis de esta revisiónsistemática. La calidad metodológica fue evaluada mediante la escala PEDro. Los principales resultados obtenidos mostraron mejoras en el equilibrioestático y dinámico en comparación con el grupo control. Sin embargo, en su mayoría, se muestran diferencias poco significativas entre gruposexperimentales. Conclusión: Los efectos que produce el entrenamiento de equilibrio en pacientes con inestabilidad crónica de tobillo parecen ser positivos.(AU)
Background: The aim of this work is to know the scientific evidence of treatments focused on balance in patients with chronic ankle instability. Methods: A review of the scientific literature was carried out by means of a systematized search in February 2022 in the following databases: PubMed,Scopus, PEDro, Web of Science, and Medline. Results: Randomized clinical trials in the last 5 years were included, obtaining a total of 16 articles for the analysis of this systematic review. Themethodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale. The main results obtained showed improvements in static and dynamic balance comparedto the control group. However, for the most part, insignificant differences between experimental groups were shown. Conclusion: The effects of balance training in patients with chronic ankle instability appear to be positive.(AU)
Introdução: O objectivo deste estudo é descobrir as provas científicas de tratamentos centrados no equilíbrio em pacientes com instabilidade crónica dotornozelo. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura científica através de uma pesquisa sistematizada em Fevereiro de 2022 nas seguintes bases de dados:PubMed, Scopus, PEDro, Web of Science, e Medline. Resultados: Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos aleatórios nos últimos 5 anos, obtendo-se um total de 16 artigos para a análise desta revisão sistemática. Aqualidade metodológica foi avaliada utilizando a escala PEDro. Os principais resultados obtidos mostraram melhorias no equilíbrio estático e dinâmicoem comparação com o grupo de controlo. No entanto, na sua maioria, foram mostradas diferenças insignificantes entre os grupos experimentais.Conclusão: Os efeitos do treino de equilíbrio em pacientes com instabilidade crónica do tornozelo parecem ser positivos.(AU)
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Humanos , Traumatismos del Tobillo/rehabilitación , Tobillo , Traumatismos del Tobillo/terapia , Medicina Deportiva , Especialidad de FisioterapiaRESUMEN
Las fracturas triplanares de tibia distal, son fracturas complejas caracterizadas por afectación multiplanar, clasificándose como Salter Harris tipo IV, en el periodo de cierre fisiario. Son poco frecuentes, representando el 5-15% de las fracturas pediátricas. El mecanismo de lesión que ocurre con mayor frecuencia, consiste en supinación y rotación externa. La tomografía computarizada es actualmente el Gold Standard para el diagnóstico de este tipo de fractura, nos permite evaluar todos los planos, siendo la radiografía simple insuficiente para el diagnóstico ya que puede pasar desapercibida. Paciente de 14 años de edad con fractura triplanar en 2 partes de tibia distal, con resolución quirúrgica. Nuestro caso es un ejemplo de una fractura triplanar de tibia distal, la cual es de baja frecuencia, difícil diagnostico e interpretación. Presentamos imágenes preoperatorias, intraoperatorias y postoperatorias del manejo de esta lesión, obteniendo resultados satisfactorios clínicos, funcionales y en estudios de imágenes. Es indispensable lograr una reducción anatómica de la superficie articular para lograr una evolución satisfactoria. Se recomienda una tomografía computarizada para diagnosticar y manejar esta lesión de manera adecuada. El seguimiento postoperatorio es crucial para el manejo de este paciente, ya que se espera una discrepancia en la longitud de las extremidades y/o deformidad(AU)
Triplane fractures of the distal tibia are complex fractures characterized by multiplane effects. They are classified in the Salter-Harris system as type IV in the period of physeal closure. These fractures are rare and represent 5-15% of pediatric fractures. The most common mechanism of injury is supination and external rotation. Computed tomography is currently the Gold Standard for the diagnosis of this type of fracture since it allows us to evaluate all planes, while plain radiography is insufficient because the fracture can go unnoticed. The objective is to report the clinical case of a 14-year-old patient with triplanar fracture in 2 parts of the distal tibia with surgical resolution. This case is an example of a triplanar fracture of the distal tibia, which is of low frequency, and difficult to diagnose and interpret. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative images of the management of this lesion are presented, obtaining satisfactory clinical, functional and imaging study results. It is essential to achieve an anatomical reduction of the joint surface to achieve a satisfactory evolution. A CT scan is recommended to properly diagnose and manage this injury. Postoperative follow-up is crucial for the management of this patient, as a limb length discrepancy and/or deformity is expected(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Rotación , Fracturas de la Tibia/cirugía , SupinaciónRESUMEN
An analysis was carried out in relation to the adverse effects produced by the use of inadequately made footwear in patients with flexible flat feet in pediatric ages; we carried out an anatomical-functional reminder of the foot as a basic structure for standing and walking. The functional adaptability of the feet was valued in those populations with the habit of walking barefoot, also making a description of the basic characteristics that a properly made footwear must have. We address the different therapeutic approaches and their behavior over time. We highlight the widespread use in our society of inappropriate footwear, mainly of the flip-flop type, and its negative influence on the feet of those children with flexible flat feet and valgus of the ankle.
Se llevó a cabo un análisis en relación a los efectos adversos producidos por el uso de calzados de confección inadecuada en los pacientes portadores de pies planos flexibles en edades pediátricas. Se realizó un recordatorio anatomo-funcional del pie como estructura básica para la bipedestación y la marcha. Se valoró la adaptabilidad funcional de los pies en aquellas poblaciones con hábito de andar descalzos, haciéndose, además, una descripción de las características básica que debe reunir un calzado adecuadamente confeccionado. Se abordó los diferentes enfoques terapéuticos y su comportamiento en el tiempo, destacando el uso generalizado en la sociedad cubana de calzados inapropiados, principalmente del tipo chancletas, y su influencia negativa sobre los pies de aquellos niños con pies planos flexibles y tobillo valgo.
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Las fracturas del maléolo posterior están presentes en 7-44% del total de fracturas de tobillo.El objetivo de esta revisión es conocer la evidencia actual sobre las indicaciones de fijación interna y la elección del abordaje quirúrgico para el tratamiento de estas fracturas.Las indicaciones clásicas de fijación eran el tamaño mayor a 25-30% de la superficie articular y el desplazamiento mayor a 2 mm; sin embargo, la evidencia actual sugiere que, en lugar del tamaño, se deben considerar factores tales como la inestabilidad sindesmal, el escalón articular mayor a 1-2 mm, la impactación de la superficie articular y la presencia de fragmentos intercalares.Al comparar las vías de abordaje, la bibliografía apoya el uso de los abordajes posteriores, reservando la recomendación de abordaje anterior para casos excepcionales.Para el tratamiento de esta lesión es fundamental conocer la anatomía del tobillo y considerar los factores descritos, además de la presencia de lesiones concomitantes.(AU)
Posterior malleolus fractures are frequent injuries, present in 744% of all ankle fractures.The objective of this study is to review the evidence to indicate the fixation of this fracture and to choose the appropriate surgical approach.The classic indications for fixation were fragment size greater than 2530% of the articular surface and displacement greater than 2 mm. However, current evidence suggests that, rather than size, factors such as syndesmotic instability, intra-articular step-off greater than 12 mm, plafond impaction and the presence of intercalary fragments should be considered.When comparing the different surgical approaches, the literature supports the use of posterior approaches and reserves the recommendation of the traditional approach for exceptional cases.For the treatment of this injury it is essential to know the anatomy of the ankle and to consider all the factors described above, in addition to the presence of concomitant injuries.(AU)
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Humanos , Fracturas de Tobillo/cirugía , Fijación de Fractura , Huesos Tarsianos , Ortopedia , TraumatologíaRESUMEN
Las fracturas del maléolo posterior están presentes en 7-44% del total de fracturas de tobillo.El objetivo de esta revisión es conocer la evidencia actual sobre las indicaciones de fijación interna y la elección del abordaje quirúrgico para el tratamiento de estas fracturas.Las indicaciones clásicas de fijación eran el tamaño mayor a 25-30% de la superficie articular y el desplazamiento mayor a 2 mm; sin embargo, la evidencia actual sugiere que, en lugar del tamaño, se deben considerar factores tales como la inestabilidad sindesmal, el escalón articular mayor a 1-2 mm, la impactación de la superficie articular y la presencia de fragmentos intercalares.Al comparar las vías de abordaje, la bibliografía apoya el uso de los abordajes posteriores, reservando la recomendación de abordaje anterior para casos excepcionales.Para el tratamiento de esta lesión es fundamental conocer la anatomía del tobillo y considerar los factores descritos, además de la presencia de lesiones concomitantes.(AU)
Posterior malleolus fractures are frequent injuries, present in 744% of all ankle fractures.The objective of this study is to review the evidence to indicate the fixation of this fracture and to choose the appropriate surgical approach.The classic indications for fixation were fragment size greater than 2530% of the articular surface and displacement greater than 2 mm. However, current evidence suggests that, rather than size, factors such as syndesmotic instability, intra-articular step-off greater than 12 mm, plafond impaction and the presence of intercalary fragments should be considered.When comparing the different surgical approaches, the literature supports the use of posterior approaches and reserves the recommendation of the traditional approach for exceptional cases.For the treatment of this injury it is essential to know the anatomy of the ankle and to consider all the factors described above, in addition to the presence of concomitant injuries.(AU)
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Humanos , Fracturas de Tobillo/cirugía , Fijación de Fractura , Huesos Tarsianos , Ortopedia , TraumatologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Peroneal tendon pathologies are an important cause of pain in the lateral aspect of the ankle. It has been proposed in the literature that low lying peroneus brevis muscle belly occupies more space in the retromalleolar groove and could cause laxity of the superior retinaculum which would promote tendon dislocation, tenosynovitis or ruptures. The objective of the study is to characterise the population with low lying peroneus brevis muscle belly and determine the association between the low lying peroneus brevis muscle belly found on magnetic resonance imaging and clinical peroneal tendon dislocation. METHODS: A case-control study was developed with a sample of 103 patients. The cases were patients with low lying peroneus brevis muscle belly and peroneal dislocation and the controls were patients with normal implantation of the peroneus brevis muscle and peroneal tendon dislocation. RESULTS: The prevalence of clinical peroneal dislocation in patients with low implantation of the peroneal brevis muscle belly was 7.64%, and the prevalence of clinical peroneal dislocation in patients with normal implantation of the peroneus brevis muscle belly was 8.88%. The OR was 0.85 (CI 0.09-7.44, p=0.88). DISCUSSION: Our findings indicate that there is no statistically significant relationship between low lying peroneus brevis muscle belly and clinical dislocation of the peroneal tendons.
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Flamenco dance is a performing art which is based on footwork technique where the foot and ankle play an important role.The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ankle active range of motion on external load and its efficacy as apredictor during a flamenco footwork technique, with consideration of accelerometer positions and dance proficiency. Twelveflamenco dancers composed of 6 professional and 6 amateurs participated voluntarily in this study for whom no significantdifferences were detected regarding age, mass or height. Participants completed a 15-second Zap-3 footwork test at a speedof 160 bpm (beats per minute), 180 bpm and as fast as they could. Triaxial accelerometers were positioned at the dominantankle, 5th lumbar vertebrae and 7th cervical vertebrae to calculate accumulated PlayerLoad and uniaxial PlayerLoad of the3 planes (anteroposterior, mediolateral and vertical) for each speed level. Percentage contributions were also calculated. Theeffect of dorsiflexion on the external load of the dominant ankle of both professional and amateur dancers existed only in theanteroposterior axis while dorsiflexion was related to the external load at the 7th cervical vertebrae and only amateurs wereaffected. Plantarflexion only affected the uniaxial contribution of the vertical-axis of professional dancers. These programswould be applied to develop a technique feedback system for the flamenco dancer to follow their own model with respectto the ideal. This would allow intervention in the prevention of overuse injuries in flamenco dance artists.(AU)
El baile flamenco es un arte en el que el zapateado tiene un papel muy relevante. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar elefecto del rango de movimiento activo del tobillo sobre la carga externa y su eficacia como predictor durante la realizaciónde un zapateado flamenco, en función de las posiciones del acelerómetro y el dominio técnico de los participantes. Un totalde doce bailaoras de flamenco, 6 profesionales y 6 amateurs, participaron voluntariamente en este estudio y en los que nose encontraron diferencias significativas respecto a edad, peso o estatura. Los participantes realizaron un test de zapateadodenominado Zap-3 durante 15 segundos a una velocidad de 160 pulsos por minuto, 180 y tan rápido como pudieron. Secolocaron acelerómetros triaxiales en el tobillo del pie dominante, en la 5ª vértebra lumbar y en la 7ª vértebra cervical paracalcular la PlayerLoad acumulada y la PlayerLoad uniaxial de los 3 planos (anteroposterior, medio-lateral y vertical) en funciónde cada nivel de velocidad, así como sus contribuciones porcentuales. Solamente se ha encontrado relación entre la flexióndorsal del tobillo dominante y la carga externa en el eje anteroposterior, tanto en profesionales como amateurs, mientras quea nivel de la 7ª vértebra cervical sólo se ha encontrado relación entre la dorsiflexión y la carga externa en el grupo de amateurs.Respecto a la flexión plantar solo se ha encontrado relación a nivel uniaxial con el eje vertical de los bailarines profesionales.Estos programas podrían servir de ayuda a desarrollar un sistema de retroalimentación de la técnica para que el practicantede baile flamenco pueda seguir su propio modelo respecto al ideal. Esto permitiría intervenir en la prevención de las lesionespor sobreuso en los artistas de baile flamenco.(AU)
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Humanos , Femenino , Traumatismos del Tobillo , Articulación del Tobillo , Baile , Fracturas por Estrés , Medicina Deportiva , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Introducción: la medición del índice tobillo-brazo (ITB) es una prueba de primera línea y con alta precisión diagnóstica para detectar la enfermedad vascular periférica (EVP). El método Doppler, considerado el estándar de oro, requiere del dispositivo y de un operador capacitado, lo que limita su uso en la atención primaria. Como alternativa, un método oscilométrico que emplea un dispositivo de presión arterial automático es una prueba simple y accesible que podría minimizar los sesgos del observador y eliminar la necesidad de capacitación especial. Objetivos: validar la capacidad diagnóstica de un dispositivo oscilométrico automatizado frente al método Doppler para la medición del ITB. Materiales y métodos: se incluyeron pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y 2 (DM1 y DM2), mayores de 50 años, con uno o más factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Luego de que los pacientes permanecieran 5 minutos acostados, se registró la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) con tensiómetro Welch Allyn DS 45-11 y Doppler Vascular Contec Sonoline B 8 Mhz en ambas arterias tibiales posteriores y en arteria braquial derecha. Posteriormente se realizaron los mismos registros con monitor de presión arterial automático modelo Omrom HEM-7130. Se calculó el ITB de cada miembro inferior y las capacidades diagnósticas (sensibilidad [S-, especificidad [E], concordancia por coeficiente kappa, valor predictivo positivo [VPP] y valor predictivo negativo [VPN]) del método oscilométrico para detectar un ITB patológico por Doppler (≤0,90). Resultados: se evaluaron 66 pacientes, 52 varones y 14 mujeres, 7 con DM1 y 59 con DM2, 69 años de edad (DS 9,8), con una antigüedad de la DM de 18,05 años (DS 12,01). La prevalencia de EVP detectada por Doppler (ITB ≤0,90) fue del 16,7% (IC 95% 9,9-23,4). El método oscilométrico para detectar un ITB ≤0,90 por Doppler mostró una S del 72,7% (IC 95% 51,8-93,6), una E del 96,3% (IC 95% 92,4-100), una concordancia del 92,4% (IC 95% 87,5-97,3), un VPP del 80,0% (IC 95% 59,9-100) y un VPN del 94,6% (IC 95% 90,0-99,3). Conclusiones: el alto VPN hallado (condición esencial para un método de screening) significa que si el método oscilométrico da un ITB >0,90, hay un 94,6% de posibilidad de que el ITB por Doppler no sea ≤0,90. El VPP de 80% encontrado significa que si el ITB oscilométrico es ≤0,90, hay un 80% de posibilidad de que el ITB Doppler sea verdaderamente ≤0,90. Por lo tanto, consideramos que la simple medición del ITB con el método oscilométrico podría recomendarse en la atención primaria, donde se requieren métodos rápidos, fáciles y confiables.
Introduction: the measurement of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a first-line test with high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of peripheral vascular disease. The Doppler method, considered the gold standard, requires the device and a trained operator, which limits its use in primary care. Alternatively, an oscillometric method using an automated blood pressure device is a simple and affordable test that could minimize observer bias and eliminate the need for special training. Objectives: to validate the diagnostic capacity of an automated oscillometric device against the Doppler method for ABI measurement. Materials and methods: diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 (DM1 and DM2) patients older than 50 years with 1 or more cardiovascular risk factors were included. After 5 minutes lying down, SBP was recorded with a Welch Allyn DS 45-11 sphygmomanometer and Contec Sonoline B 8 Mhz Vascular Doppler in both posterior tibial arteries and in the right brachial artery. Subsequently, the same recordings were made with an Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor Model Omrom HEM-7130. The ABI of each lower limb and the diagnostic capabilities (sensitivity [S], specificity [E], concordance by kappa coefficient, positive predictive value [PPV] and negative predictive value [NPV] of the oscillometric method to detect a pathological ABI were calculated by Doppler (≤0.90). Results: 66 patients were evaluated, 52 men and 14 women, 7 DM1 and 59 DM2, 69 years old (SD 9.8) with a history of diabetes of 18.05 years (SD 12.01). The prevalence of PVD detected by Doppler (ABI ≤0.90) was 16.7% (95% CI 9.9-23.4). The oscillometric method to detect an ABI ≤0.90 by Doppler showed an S of 72.7% (95% CI 51.8-93.6), an E of 96.3% (95% CI 92.4-100), a concordance of 92.4% (95% CI 87.597.3), a PPV of 80.0% (95% CI 59.9-100) and a NPV of 94.6% (95% CI 90 .0-99.3). Conclusions: the high NPV found (essential condition for a screening method) means that if the oscillometric method gives an ABI >0.90, there is a 94.6% chance that the Doppler ABI is not ≤0.90. The PPV of 80% found means that if the oscillometric ABI is ≤0.90, there is an 80% chance that the Doppler ABI is truly ≤0.90. Therefore, we consider that the simple measurement of ABI with the oscillometric method could be recommended in primary care, where fast, easy and reliable methods are adequate.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Vasculares Periféricas , Diabetes Mellitus , Índice Tobillo BraquialRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Peroneal tendon pathologies are an important cause of pain in the lateral aspect of the ankle. It has been proposed in the literature that low lying peroneus brevis muscle belly occupies more space in the retromalleolar groove and could cause laxity of the superior retinaculum which would promote tendon dislocation, tenosynovitis or ruptures. The objective of the study is to characterize the population with low lying peroneus brevis muscle belly and determine the association between the low lying peroneus brevis muscle belly found on magnetic resonance imaging and clinical peroneal tendon dislocation. METHODS: A case-control study was developed with a sample of 103 patients. The cases were patients with low lying peroneus brevis muscle belly and peroneal dislocation and the controls were patients with normal implantation of the peroneus brevis muscle and peroneal tendon dislocation. RESULTS: The prevalence of clinical peroneal dislocation in patients with low implantation of the peroneal brevis muscle belly was 7.64%, and the prevalence of clinical peroneal dislocation in patients with normal implantation of the peroneus brevis muscle belly was 8.88%. The OR was 0.85 (CI 0.09-7.44, P=0.88). DISCUSSION: Our findings indicate that there is no statistically significant relationship between low lying peroneus brevis muscle belly and clinical dislocation of the peroneal tendons.
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Posterior malleolus fractures are frequent injuries, present in 7-44% of all ankle fractures. The objective of this study is to review the evidence to indicate the fixation of this fracture and to choose the appropriate surgical approach. The classic indications for fixation were fragment size greater than 25-30% of the articular surface and displacement greater than 2 mm. However, current evidence suggests that, rather than size, factors such as syndesmotic instability, intra-articular step-off greater than 1-2 mm, plafond impaction and the presence of intercalary fragments should be considered. When comparing the different surgical approaches, the literature supports the use of posterior approaches and reserves the recommendation of the traditional approach for exceptional cases. For the treatment of this injury it is essential to know the anatomy of the ankle and to consider all the factors described above, in addition to the presence of concomitant injuries.
Asunto(s)
Fracturas de Tobillo , Traumatismos del Tobillo , Humanos , Fracturas de Tobillo/cirugía , Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Articulación del Tobillo/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Posterior malleolus fractures are frequent injuries, present in 7-44% of all ankle fractures. The objective of this study is to review the evidence to indicate the fixation of this fracture and to choose the appropriate surgical approach. The classic indications for fixation were fragment size greater than 25-30% of the articular surface and displacement greater than 2mm. However, current evidence suggests that, rather than size, factors such as syndesmotic instability, intra-articular step-off greater than 1-2mm, plafond impaction and the presence of intercalary fragments should be considered. When comparing the different surgical approaches, the literature supports the use of posterior approaches and reserves the recommendation of the traditional approach for exceptional cases. For the treatment of this injury it is essential to know the anatomy of the ankle and to consider all the factors described above, in addition to the presence of concomitant injuries.
Asunto(s)
Fracturas de Tobillo , Traumatismos del Tobillo , Humanos , Fracturas de Tobillo/cirugía , Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Articulación del Tobillo/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Introduction Good ankle joint strength is a precondition for high-quality exercise and is an important factor in preventing joint injuries. Objective Explore the method of optimizing ankle strength training during exercise. Methods 40 volunteers were selected and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The 20 athletes in the experimental group were trained three times a week for six weeks using a control variable method, while the control group performed only professional daily physical training. Pre-training and post-training methods were used to collect and investigate the data regarding the effect of strength training on the ankle joint and its impact on skill and strength tests submitted to the athletes. Results Ankle strength training can improve ankle muscle strength and athletes' ability to run and jump (P > 0.05). Conclusion Ankle joint strength training may improve athletes' baseline sporting ability, improve ankle joint muscle strength, reduce the likelihood of joint injuries, and contribute to improved outcomes of various abilities, meriting further study and replication. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução A boa força articular do tornozelo é uma pré-condição para exercícios físicos de alta qualidade além de ser um fator importante na prevenção de lesões articulares. Objetivo Explorar o método de otimização do treino de força do tornozelo durante o exercício físico. Métodos 40 voluntários foram selecionados e aleatoriamente divididos em grupo experimental e grupo de controle. Os 20 atletas do grupo experimental foram treinados três vezes por semana durante 6 semanas usando um método de variáveis de controle enquanto o grupo controle efetuou apenas o treinamento físico diário profissional. Foram utilizados métodos pré-treino e pós-treino para coleta e investigação dos dados quanto ao efeito do treinamento de força sob a articulação do tornozelo e seu impacto em testes de habilidade e força submetidos aos atletas. Resultados O treinamento de força do tornozelo pode melhorar a força muscular do tornozelo e melhorar a capacidade dos atletas de correr e saltar (P > 0,05). Conclusão O treino de força articular do tornozelo pode melhorar a capacidade esportiva basal dos atletas, melhorar a força muscular da articulação do tornozelo, reduzir a probabilidade de lesões articulares e contribuir na melhoria dos resultados de várias habilidades, merecendo maiores estudos e replicação. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos desfechos do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción Una buena resistencia de la articulación del tobillo es una condición previa para la realización de ejercicio físico de alta calidad y un factor importante en la prevención de lesiones articulares. Objetivo Explorar el método para optimizar el entrenamiento de la fuerza del tobillo durante el ejercicio. Métodos Se seleccionaron 40 voluntarios y se dividieron aleatoriamente en grupo experimental y grupo de control. Los 20 atletas del grupo experimental se entrenaron tres veces a la semana durante 6 semanas con un método variable de control, mientras que el grupo de control sólo realizó un entrenamiento físico profesional diario. Se utilizaron métodos de pre-entrenamiento y post-entrenamiento para recoger e investigar los datos relativos al efecto del entrenamiento de fuerza bajo la articulación del tobillo y su impacto en las pruebas de habilidad y fuerza a las que se sometieron los atletas. Resultados El entrenamiento de la fuerza del tobillo puede mejorar la fuerza muscular del tobillo y mejorar la capacidad de los atletas para correr y saltar (P > 0,05). Conclusión El entrenamiento de la fuerza de la articulación del tobillo puede mejorar la capacidad deportiva de base de los atletas, mejorar la fuerza muscular de la articulación del tobillo, reducir la probabilidad de lesiones articulares y contribuir a mejorar los resultados de varias habilidades, mereciendo más estudios y réplicas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapêuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
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ABSTRACT Introduction In soccer training, many impacts in running and defense make ankle sprain a very common sports injury; therefore, prevention and rehabilitation management of ankle sprain is particularly important. Objective Explore the strategy of preventing and rehabilitating ankle sprain in soccer training. Methods 10 athletes with ankle sprain were selected and randomly divided into the experimental and control group. Both groups received rehabilitation training, the control group received only manual therapy, and the experimental group received active and passive rehabilitation management. The indices relevant to ankle rehabilitation were analyzed daily: active extension and flexion angle, in addition to the degree of joint edema. Results By the third day, the experimental group's recovery rate was significantly higher. By the end of the seventh day, the active plantar flexion angle in the control group was 28.0133, while in the experimental group, it was 32.0512. As for the degree of joint swelling on day 5, the experimental group was 2.2059 and 1.0057 in the control group. The control group only achieved this level of recovery in the experimental group on the seventh day. Conclusion Using comparative analysis, the rehabilitation strategy associated with the active and passive techniques proposed in this article showed a better performance than the traditional protocol. Studies are suggested popularizing rehabilitation combined with active training with passive traction. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
RESUMO Introdução No treinamento do futebol, um grande número de impactos na corrida e na defesa fazem da entorse do tornozelo uma lesão esportiva muito comum, portanto, a prevenção e o manejo da reabilitação da entorse do tornozelo são particularmente importantes. Objetivo Explorar a estratégia de prevenção e reabilitação da entorse de tornozelo no treinamento de futebol. Métodos 10 atletas com entorse de tornozelo foram selecionados e divididos aleatoriamente em grupo experimental e controle. Ambos grupos receberam treinamento de reabilitação, o grupo controle recebeu apenas terapia manual e o grupo experimental recebeu um manejo ativo e passivo da reabilitação. Os índices relevantes à reabilitação do tornozelo foram analisados diariamente, dentre eles: ângulo de extensão e flexão ativa além do grau de edema articular. Resultados Até o terceiro dia, a taxa de recuperação do grupo experimental foi significativamente maior e ao final do sétimo dia, o ângulo ativo de flexão plantar no grupo controle foi de 28,0133 enquanto no grupo experimental foi de 32,0512. Quanto ao grau de inchaço articular ao quinto dia, no grupo experimental foi de 2,2059 e 1,0057 no grupo controle. Esse nível de recuperação do grupo experimental somente foi atingido pelo grupo controle ao sétimo dia. Conclusão Por meio de análise comparativa, a estratégia reabilitação associada a ativos e passivos propostos neste artigo evidenciou melhor desempenho frente ao protocolo tradicional. Sugere-se estudos para a popularização da reabilitação combinada ao treinamento ativo com tração passiva. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción En el entrenamiento de fútbol, un gran número de impactos en la carrera y la defensa hacen que el esguince de tobillo sea una lesión deportiva muy común, por lo que la gestión de la prevención y la rehabilitación del esguince de tobillo son especialmente importantes. Objetivo Explorar la estrategia de prevención y rehabilitación del esguince de tobillo en el entrenamiento de fútbol. Métodos Se seleccionaron 10 atletas con esguince de tobillo y se dividieron aleatoriamente en grupo experimental y grupo de control. Ambos grupos recibieron entrenamiento de rehabilitación, el grupo de control sólo recibió terapia manual y el grupo experimental recibió gestión de rehabilitación activa y pasiva. Se analizaron diariamente los índices relevantes para la rehabilitación del tobillo, entre ellos: la extensión activa y el ángulo de flexión, además del grado de edema articular. Resultados Al tercer día, la tasa de recuperación del grupo experimental fue significativamente mayor y al final del séptimo día, el ángulo de flexión plantar activo en el grupo de control era de 28,0133 mientras que en el grupo experimental era de 32,0512. En cuanto al grado de inflamación articular en el día 5, en el grupo experimental fue de 2,2059 y de 1,0057 en el grupo de control. Este nivel de recuperación en el grupo experimental sólo lo alcanzó el grupo de control al séptimo día. Conclusión A través del análisis comparativo, la estrategia de rehabilitación asociada a las técnicas activas y pasivas propuestas en este artículo evidenció un mejor desempeño que el protocolo tradicional. Se sugieren estudios para la popularización de la rehabilitación combinada con el entrenamiento activo con tracción pasiva. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
